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a 


AVERY LIBRARY 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 


AIR and LIGHT 
POWER HOUSES 


Showing Influence of Sash 
Types and Building Design 


i 


i 


DAVID LUPTON’S SONS Co. 


Weikel and Westmoreland Streets 


RATES DE EPHITA 
PITTSBURGH 
CHICAGO _ CUE enh BOSTON 
NEW YORK DETROIT 


WASHINGTON 


Copyright, 1918, by 
David Lupton’s Sons Co. 


HE SHUT-DOWN of a power plant ties 
al up a factory. The shut-down—even for 
a day—of a central station would be a 
calamity to be averted by any imaginable 


means. 


Even in normal times, with labor plentiful, 
personal comfort is a leading factor in retaining 
the stoker operators and water tenders of a 
large power plant, since their duties demand 
men of much higher grade than the old-fashioned 


fireman’s job. 


In the present labor scarcity personal com- 
fort is even more vital, as regards the few in the 
power plants, than as regards the thousands in 
the factories. There are few places where a 
proper outlay to secure good working conditions 
will repay itself so quickly in improved opera- 
tion and reduced labor turnover. 


Front of Lake Street Power House, Cleveland Electric Hluminating Company, 
Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. R. L. Cobb, Chief Engineer. Lupton Steel Sash, Power House 
Type, are used in the large openings of the turbine room. A single Pond Operating 
Device, with hand chain, controls all ventilators in the large openings. 


Boiler room side, Lake Street Power House. In spring and fall the sash are closed, 
and only the steel rolling doors at the ends of the firing aisles are open. _ The small sash 
under the cornice light and ventilate the transverse coal bunker. See diagram, page 11. 


6 


AIR AND LIGHT IN POWER HOUSES 


The Lake Street Power House, Cleveland 


In Cleveland, Ohio, is a central station which differs from other large 
power houses in one rather unique particular. 

The boiler room is cool, light and airy. Light even in winter; cool 
and airy—relatively speaking—even in midsummer. 

And this despite the fact that it has 54 boilers, and despite the fur- 
ther fact that—as usual—the entire side next to the turbine room is 
unavailable as a source of either light or fresh air. 

This novel result—which defies the most sacred traditions of boiler- 
room discomfort—is secured for the Lake Street Power House by a special 
roof design, known as the Pond Truss, Power House Type, in connection 
with a special arrangement of the boilers. 

To begin with, the batteries are arranged crosswise of the length 
of the boiler room, instead of lengthwise as usual. There are fifty-four 
650 h. p. Stirling boilers, arranged in six rows of nine boilers each. In 
the outer wall, at the front ends of the firing aisles, are steel rolling doors; 
and there is a fair supply of window openings, each filled with simul- 
taneously-operated steel sash of power house type. These light the 
nearer ends of the firing aisles and afford ample ingress for fresh air. 

But these features would neither light nor ventilate beyond the first 
three or four boilers in each row. The ordinary boiler-room is dark, for 
lack of suitable roof lighting; and in summer, particularly,the whole upper 
space is filled with stifling heat and gases which, for lack of ready outlet, 
settle to the floor and foul the air in which the men work. With this 
overhead heat carried off, the stack draft will keep the floor level cool 
and fresh. The remaining-and most important feature, therefore, which 
makes the Lake Street Power House the best lighted and best ventilated 
large boiler-room in the country, is the Pond Truss roof design. By means 
of this design ample light is admitted, and the heated air above is 
allowed to escape, directly over the firing aisles. 

Two roof levels are provided, one over the bunkers overhead and a 
lower one just over the boilers. By bringing the lower level as close as 
practicable to the tops of the boilers, with even the smoke ducts leading 
to the stacks located outside the roof instead of under it, space is found 
for liberal roof openings between the boiler fronts and the bunkers without 
raising the latter above their usual position. 

The general arrangement is shown in the plan and elevation drawings, 
and the photographs on the opposite and following pages show the result. 


is 


ALR ANSD LdTCH fN(e OWIEeR flO Use 


The most marked features are the large size of the roof openings and 
their advantageous location, both for lighting the firing alleys and for 
drawing off hot stale air before it has a chance to drift away from the 
boilers and become cooled. 

Each of these roof openings is filled with two lines of Pond Continuous 
Sash (see pages 22 to 25),with the openings controlled by hand chains and 
Pond Operating Device. This type of sash is fully weather-proof when 


Interior of boiler room, Lake Street Power House, Cleveland, Ohio. Two lines of 
Pond Continuous Sash over the front of each battery light the firing aisles and dis- 
charge heated air. In winter they may be used to admit air to be warmed by the 
boilers for the firing floor and for the stack draft; the wall sash and rolling doors being 
then closed. 


DAVID LUPTON’S SONS COMPANY 


Flue, stack, and Pond Continuous Sash over boilers and bunkers, Lake Street 
Power House, Cleveland, Ohio. The roof over each double row of boilers is thus 
arranged. See diagrams, page II. 


open, hence these lines are never closed, except as required by the season. 
So effective is the ventilation they give, when added to the stack draft, 
that there is a strong breeze through each of the rolling doors, sweeping 
clear to the ends of the firing alleys, and few windows need to be opened 
save in midsummer. The air always smells fresh, and even next to the 
partition wall one can work in comfort. As for light, only the gauges at 
the farther ends of the alleys require artificial lights during six to ten 
hours of the day. The view on the opposite page shows this very well. 

What this means, in terms of personal comfort for the men, is best 
expressed by saying that they have the same chance to be cool, to breathe 
clean air, and to see what they are doing, as the firemen in a four or six 
boiler plant. 

Besides discharging hot stale air in summer, the roof lines of sash are 
equally useful in winter. When cold weather comes the rolling doors and 
side wall sash may be closed, and air from the stack draft drawn down 
through the roof openings, being warmed as it enters and avoiding the 
usual stratum of cold air at the floor. 


9 


TEN] 2 PV ORWGECR. GH O°UsSsrS 


AUIMROAG NED ne ae ea 


It will be noticed that in this Lake Street power house natural-draft 


stokers are employed; 


as already remarked, 


Where forced-draft stokers are used, 


’ 


therefore the stack draft is 


available to ventilate the floor level. 


’ 


and the fans are located in the basement, this source of air renewal for the 


boiler floor is removed, and the roof outlets become the sole means of dis- 


charging heated air. 


Hence it is doubly important in that case to fit 


the design of the building to the equipment. 


er House, Cleveland, showing course of air currents 
The diagrams on the next page show how the air 


The rolling doors at the ends of the firing alleys are 
currents rise and escape by way of the roof sash. 


Floor plan of Lake Street Pow 


in boiler room at floor level. 
always open except in winter. 


10 


DAVID_ Papen ON SONS COMPAN 1 Y 


mp 
pce Dp a, 
Ie Yi 


Vertical section of Lake Street Power House, Cleveland, in east and west plane, 
showing direction of air currents in firing aisles. Outlets protected by double lines of 
Pond Continuous Sash are provided between the bunkers and the low roof levels over 
the boilers. Roof is a Pond Truss, Power House Type; patented by Clarke P. Pond. 


Vertical section of Lake Street Power House in north and south plane, through 
turbine room and boiler room. The location of the flues above the lower roof levels is 
here shown. In the turbine room are seen the lines of Pond Continuous Sash in the 
low roof monitor, and in the side toward the boiler room. Without these outlets the 
air would soon become oppressive. 


A noteworthy feature of the Pond Truss roof is the fact that the di- 
vision of the roof into two levels adds little or nothing to the cost, as com- 
pared with the ordinary design. The roof construction itself actually 
costs less, on account of the short span of the roof trusses. The extra wall 
area is merely the sides of the bunkers themselves, with nothing added but 
the corrugated iron siding. The ducts leading to the stacks have double 
walls: being above the roof instead of under it, the radiation which would 
otherwise add to human discomfort becomes harmless. 


afi 


AX IC AR Je INE JD Pome ee tyne lea POWER HO Use bce 


. Ford Motor Company Power House, Detroit, Mich. Mr. W. B. Mayo, Mechan- 
ical and Construction Engineer. Lupton Special Steel Sash and Pond Continuous 
Sash used throughout. 


Ford Motor Company Power House 

The principle above outlined—of two roof levels, with large lighting 
and ventilating openings between the boiler roofs and the bunkers—is 
applied in a slightly different way in the unique power house of the Ford 
Motor Co., Detroit. Here the boiler units are much larger than in the 
Cleveland power house, and there are fewer of them. A line of seven 
Badenhausen water-tube boilers, rated at 2500 h. p. each, faces the west 
wall and the street; a line of eight 400 h. p. vertical Wickes boilers 
faces the east wall atid the factory. Both walls mentioned, and the end 
walls also, are filled with tophung Pond Continuous Sash, in short lengths 


12 


vit sik ON SS OLN @ COMP ANY 


to suit the openings and 
operated in groups by Pond 
Operating Device. (See 
pages 25 to 27). 

Between the boilers is 
a fairly wide alley, whose 
roof extends partly over 
each line of boilers, and 
above which rise the five 
steel stacks. Over the fir- 
ing aisles and extending 
partly over the boilers are 
the bunkers, each fed by a 
belt conveyor taking coal 


from a third conveyor and XS 

an elevator. This arrange- 

ment, with the boilers back Stacks and roof outlets over boilers. Ford 
Motor Company Power House. Two lines of 

to back and separate bunk- Pond Continuous Sash on each side of the row 

ers, permits ideal lighting of stacks are protected by wire netting and 


aioe operated by Pond Operating Device. 
and ventilation at the work- 


ing fronts of the boilers; 

but the alley between the boilers must be otherwise provided for. This 
is accomplished by the difference in roof levels already mentioned; the 
alley roof is just high enough to clear the boilers, and a sloping double 
line of Pond Continuous Sash is placed over each line of boilers, between 
the alley roof and the bunker, where it lights and ventilates the alley. The 
arrangement can be seen from the photographs. 


Application to Smaller Boiler Houses 


For economy of construction it is usual for boiler houses of moderate 
size to have the boilers arranged in two rows facing on a common alley 
and drawing coal from one bunker. With the ordinary design this means a 
dark firing alley, large air pockets between the boilers and the roof, and 
descending currents of foul air which has been denied a sufficient outlet. 
All these drawbacks can be avoided, and the comfort and efficiency of 
the working force largely increased, simply by locating the roof sections 
over the boilers as close to the latter as practicable, interposing a double 
line of weather proof continuous outlet sash between these roof sections 


13 


AD RUN DLC LN EO \WEEeRe TO Uce bes 


gL 


Showing application of 5-foot Pond Continuous Sash in roof of boiler house con- 
taining Badenhausen or Erie City boilers. Any style of bunker may be used. 


and each side of the bunker, and providing corresponding and easily 
operated inlets. See drawings on this and following page. 

In this connection it is well to point out the importance of using a 
type of outlet sash that will not defeat the object intended when there is 
a cross wind, by admitting cold air and causing down drafts. The ordinary 
centre pivoted sash is open to that objection. In “continuous” form it 
excludes weather fairly well so long as there is not much wind; but in a 
cross wind it allows rain or snow to blow over the top, and the entering 
cold air mixes with the heated air and upsets the ventilating scheme. 

Both rain and ordinary cross winds are excluded by tophung Pond 
Continuous Sash, and boiler room outlets filled with that sash rarely 
need be closed. The width of opening is readily adjusted to suit the 
weather and season by Pond Operating Device, chain or motor driven. 


14 


DANOLD. Dro N Ss SONS OOM PAN Y 


BABCOCKE WILCOX 


STIRLING 


Showing application of 5-foot Pond Continuous Sash in roof of boiler house con- 
taining Stirling or Babcock and Wilcox boilers. Two styles of concrete bunker are 
shown—one with individually tapered outlets (see front cover illustration) the other 
with continuous taper. Roof arrangement on this and preceding page was originated 
by David Lupton’s Sons Company. 


Sash Treatment of Side Walls 


In its architectural treatment a power house should suggest power. 
Broad, massive lines are desirable, and a uniform treatment throughout 
each wall area. All window openings in each wall should be alike or sym- 
metrical, and the sash lines should be connected and should open equally. 
Heavy pilasters, broad mullions, and large lights of glass in large sash 
units contribute greatly to the desired dignity of appearance. 

A number of examples of good treatment are shown here. Most of 
them use Lupton Steel Sash, Power House Type, which is a high grade 
centre-pivoted sash specially designed for power houses, with wide imposts 
and mullions, and operated in groups by the Pond Operating Device. 


15 


AIR AND LIGHT IN POWER HOUSES 


Aspinwall Pumping Station, Pittsburgh, Pa. Mr. C. O. Daughaday, Engineer. 
Mr. Thos. H. Scott, Architect. Lupton Steel Sash, Power House Type, are controlled 
simultaneously in the openings of each wall by Pond Operating Device. Concealed 
monitors with lines of Pond Continuous Sash are placed in the roof. 


Mississippi River Power Company, Keokuk, Iowa. Stone and Webster Engineer- 
ing Corporation, Consulting Engineers. The large openings are filled with Lupton 
Steel Sash, Power House Type. Pond Operating Device, Motor Driven, controls all 
pivoted sash in the eighteen large openings on side of building from one station. 


16 


DAVID LUPTON’S SONS COMPANY 


This type of sash is not suited for roof outlets in boiler or turbine rooms, 
but when used in the side walls of either it gives an ample fresh-air supply, 
with a strikingly attractive appearance. It is described in detail on pages 
28 and 29. 

Although the ventilation of a large engine or turbine room is less 
difficult than that of a boiler room, it cannot be handled haphazard. 


Interior of turbine room. Lake Street Power House, Cleveland, Ohio. Lines of 
Pond Continuous Sash in the concealed roof monitor afford overhead ventilation with- 
out admitting weather. 


For comfort it must have weather proof, permanently-open yet variable 
outlets in or near the roof; and in their absence even abundant ventilation 
in the lower side walls will not prevent the air from becoming oppressive. 
This requirement is best met by a special line of low openings, placed some- 
times above and back from the cornice. These openings are filled with 
Pond Continuous Sash, control'ed independently of the Power House 
Sash in the main openings. An admirable example of design is the turbine 
room of the Lake Street Power House: it is as good in its way as the boiler 
room. 


17 


ATOR AN DoE I-Gsh PN SPO Wels Hl OPUS ee 


In all cases, both the side wall sash and the continuous sash in the top 
outlets are best controlled by the Pond Operating Device. This device, 
by eliminating most of the friction encountered with ordinary operating 
devices, makes it a simple matter for one man pulling a hand chain to open 
or close simultaneously all the sash in one wall of even a large power 
house, thereby ensuring the uniformity of opening which adds so much 
to the desired dignity of appearance. The device is described on pages 
25101275 

A recent development with certain special advantages for side walls 
is shown in the photographs of the Ford Motor Co. power house at De- 
troit. This consists of short lengths of Pond Continuous Sash made to 


United Gas & Electric Corporation Power House, Elmira, New York. Mr. F. H. 
Shaw, Consulting Engineer. Lupton Steel Sash, Power House Type, is operated 
simultaneously in all windows in this wall by means of Pond Operating Device. 


fit the boiler room openings, and connected, like the ventilators of Lupton 
Power House Sash, by inside arms and vertical link bars, so that all the 
sash in each opening operate as one group. In the Ford power house 
these groups are connected into eight major groups, each of which is con- 
trolled by one Pond Operating Device, motor driven. 


18 


DAVID LUPTON’S SONS COMPANY 


Since top-hung sash imposes a greater load on the operating device 
than pivoted sash, a counterbalance is used with each group, consisting 
of a heavy steel bar attached to the connecting arms. This causes the 
sash to hang normally about 15 degrees open; hence little effort is needed 
to close the sash or to open it to full width. 


Front wall and sash of boiler room, Ford Motor Company Power House. The 
ventilators are located in the low roof over the projecting portion of the engine 
room. The lowest row of sash lights and ventilates the ash handling floor under the 
boilers. The metal trim between these and the boiler room sash above was made by 
David Lupton’s Sons Company and assembled by oxy-acetylene welding at the point 
of erection. 


This same arrangement of Pond Continuous Sash, in lengths to fit 
the openings and counterbalanced, is employed in the engine room of the 
Hammermill Paper Co., Erie, Pa. 

Besides its use in the side walls and over the boilers of the Ford power 
house, Pond Continuous Sash is also used in long motor operated lines 
in that building to light and ventilate the bunkers. These bunker sash 
may be seen just below the roof in the photograph on page 12. 


19 


ACTER” (AXUNWD: Lol Gut IGN: (PO OW Pek i OnE bts 


The originality of the Ford power house does not end with the boiler 
room. As the reader probably knows, it is unique in its general arrange- 
ment, having the big Hooven, Owens, Rentschler engines on the ground 
floor, so to speak, with an intermediate floor for ash handling above, and 
the boiler room on top. The engines are combination gas and steam: 
each unit consists of a horizontal gas engine and a tandem compound 
Corliss steam engine, side by side and operating on one crankshaft. Fach 
unit is rated at 6000 h. p.: there are now six units, with more to follow. 

This novel engine room extends toward the front beyond the boiler 
house, and is lighted by big plate glass “show windows” set in Lupton 


Main entrance to engine room, Ford Motor Company Power House. Lupton 
Steel Tube Doors and Lupton Steel Sash of special type are used. 


Steel Sash of special design. The sash is arranged to provide for unequal 
expansion of the glass and steel, and to care for the inevitably heavy 
interior condensation in winter. The glass lights are not puttied, but 
each is held between a continuous elastic cushion around the outside, 
and a series of elastic wedges at intervals on the inside. Condensation 
collects in a gutter at the bottom of each sash and is drained outside. Each 


20 


pA VID. LuUPTON Ss SONS COM PAN Y 


sash is oxy-acetylene welded at the corners, thus assuring maximum and 
permanent rigidity regardless of corrosion. Owing to the size of the 
windows the sash had to be shipped in knock-down and welded on the 
site of erection. 

Ventilation is cared for, in this engine room, by short operated lengths 
of Pond Continuous Sash over the plate glass windows, and by ventilators 
in the roof of that 
portion of the engine 
room which projects 
beyond the boiler 
room, 


The foregoing ex- 
amples of design 
show that, from both 
practical and. es- 
thetic considera- 
tions, a power house 
deserves to have the 
sash treated differ- 
ently from the ordi- 
nary factory. An 
architectural motif 
so distinctive as that 
of a large power 
house cannot be 
effectively carried 
out with sash that 


One of the end doors of the engine room, Ford Motor suggests smallness 
Company Power House., These are Lupton Steel Tube = 
Doors of special design. The windows are a special type of use or purpose. 
of Lupton Steel Sash. An array of Wwin- 


dows, known to have 
a common purpose, but opened or shut at all degrees of variation, is 
almost a travesty on design. Further, from the practical standpoint, a 
boiler or turbine room whose appearance is well handled, but which is 
uncomfortable to work in, is a costly investment for its owners. 
The special types of sash shown in the foregoing illustrations are in- 
tended to serve both purposes. As the descriptions on the following pages 
show, they are distinctly unlike the ordinary industrial types of sash. 


mil 


ALR AND il @mr emN (0 WepeRno Ulcire 


LUPTON PRODUCTS 
FOR USE IN POWER HOUSES 


Pond Continuous Sash 


(Patented and Patents Pending) 


For Power Houses Pond Continuous Sash is furnished in two forms, 
one for the continuous roof lines, which are hung outside of all structural 
work, and the other composed of short lengths to fit the side wall openings 
and operated in groups. 


Pond Continuots Sash in boiler room, Ford Motor Company Power House. Each 
group is operated as an unit, and is counterbalanced by a heavy steel bar so that the 
sash normally hangs about 15 degrees open, as shown. This opening is increased or 
reduced by Pond Operating Device. 


The regular type of Pond Continuous Sash for long lines is made up 
in standard sections 19 feet 11 inches in length. . These sections are con- 
nected end to end, with 1 inch clearances, by weather proof joints which 
allow room for expansion and contraction, and also allow the sash sections 
to accommodate themselves to irregularities in the structural work without 
strain and breakage of glass. 

The sash is hung under a continuous overhanging angle or Z-bar, 
and the ends overlap stationary storm panels 2 feet wide. A tight contact 
is made at both top and bottom when the sash is closed. 


22 


DAVID LUPTON’S SONS COMPANY 


Welded joints and hinge of 
Pond Continuous Sash. The sec- 
tions are shortened for greater 
clearness. 


2” 
Welding the joints of Pond Contin- 
ous Sash, = 


Section 195 
Top Rail 


Section 107 
al 1" Sill Member 
yamere crows eeher ie | 
= | a In 
Section 150 = Section 125 
lou Side Rail saan Muntin SY 
| ns 
3 
| str 
aia 
"6 , 
Ww 
\o&Y> 
oO 
as 


Rolled sections used in Pond Continuous Sash, with dimensions. Scale about 
one-half size. 


The rolled steel sections used in Pond Continuous Sash are made es- 
pecially for this purpose and are much heavier than the sections used for 
ordinary pivoted factory sash. All the joints are solidly oxy-acetylene 
welded, thereby eliminating any chance for corrosion and insuring per- 
manent rigidity. Drip holes are punched at intervals in the outer wing 


23 


AN VAR EN IN| ID) I INE teh I ING ROU IR SEO) UP Spe. S 


of the sill member to prevent corrosion at this point. By their location 
the wings take the thrust of the operator without transmitting undue 
stresses to the glass. The hinges are of malleable iron with bronze pins. 

Pond Continuous Sash operated by the Pond Operating Device 
affords a greater effective opening than any other sash of this type. This 


Pond Continuous Sash, 2-high, applied to vertical 
surface. The continuous angle at top of each sash 
prevents weather from entering. Sill members are 
provided with drip holes. Sill members are formed 
to make a point contact with sill for greater weather 
tightness. 


24 


feature is due to the small 
friction of the Pond 
Operating Device and to 
the special patented de- 
sign whereby it applies 
an increasing thrust as 
the sash is raised. 

We guarantee the 
following table of open- 
ings for the different 
heights of sash: 


INGwo @Saslinero) ee. 
high, 45° or 2634 in. 

Nowr4 sash ait. 
high, 45° or 357% in. 

No. 3 sasin oa 
high, 41° or 407% in. 

No. 6- sacha One 
high, 36° or 44 in. 


When Pond Contin- 
uous Sash is used in short 
lengths in side wall 
openings it is balanced as 
shown on page 22. All 
the sash in each opening 
are connected and are 
counterbalanced by a 
heavy steel bar so that 
equilibrium is reached 
with the sash open about 
15 degrees. Hence very 
little force is required to 
open or close the sash. 


The advantages of Pond Contin- 
uous Sash for this service are: 

(1) Being top-hung, it is 
entirely outside of the line of 
support when open, hence rain is 
not likely to drive past it; 

(2) Being made of heavier 
sections, it is more rugged than 
pivoted-type sash; 

(3) Being of simpler con- 
struction, it costs less. 


Pond Continuous Sash applied to 
sloping surfaces. Upper sash only is 
operated in the arrangement shown. 
Lower sash also may be made to operate 
by hanging it from a continuous over- 
hanging angle as shown on page 24. 


Pond Operating Device 


(Patented and Patents Pending) 


The Pond Operating Device is designed to operate long lines or: 
groups of continuous sash, and large groups of pivoted side wall sash. 

A hand chain operat es a worm and gear, from which lengthwise mo- 
tion is imparted by a sprocket to a pair of tension rods, connected at their 
far ends to a chain running over an idler. For operating continuous 
sash, these rods are attached to compound lever arms exerting a thrust 
against the lower member of the sash. This thrust is angular at 


25 


AIR AND LIGHT IN POWmR HOUcm 


Compound levers of Pond Operating 
Device, showing position with sash closed. 


Sash partly open. The T-shaped levers 


are attached one to each tension rod. 


Sash frame opened. The tension of the 
rod is converted into a direct thrust against 


the sash. 


first but increasingly direct as 
the sash is raised, hence the lift- 
ing effort is most effective when 
the greatest weight must be 
overcome. 

The rods are always in ten- 
sion, and the load is divided 
equally between them as shown 
in the three views showing the 


Spiral and counterweight used in 
place of idler for long continuous lines 
of sash. 


sash from shut to open. This 
principle of tension transmission, 
with balanced thrust against. the 
sash, largely accounts for the 
extremely low friction of the 
device. 

The worm and gear are 
accurately cut from steel and are 


SONS COMPANY 


DEA SV Ga ONS 


Idler and power ends of Pond Operating 
Device. Upper and lower rods are continually 
under tension and the work of operating the : 
sash is equally divided between them. See yf 
photographs on next page. The worm and i } 
gear are cut from steel and run in oil in a f | 
dust-proof case. 


enclosed in a dust-proof and oil-tight case. The hinged connections of the 
lever arms have phosphor bronze bearings. 

For vertical lines of top-hung sash longer than 100 ft., or sloping lines 
longer than 50 ft., spirals and counterweights are used in place of 
idlers at the ends of the lines. These apply a force sufficient to balance 
the weight of the sash, leaving only friction to be overcome by the hand 
chain. 


Enclosed gearing and electric motor 
of Pond Operating Device. Motor 
Driven. 


For very long roof lines, and for side wall groups of top-hung con- 
tinuous sash, where it is desired to bring extended or multiple openings 
under simultaneous control, the motor-driven type of Pond Operating 
Device is used. 

Pond Operating Device, Motor Driven, has an A. C. motor especially 
wound for high starting torque. An automatic cut-out limits the move- 
ment of the sash in each direction, and the sash may be controlled by the 
switch to stand at any degree of opening desired. 


27 


Lupton Steel Sash 
Power House Type 


"Yi 


(Patented and Patents Pending) 


This is a specially designed pivoted 
sash, distinguished by the following 
features: 


I | 


1. The lights are exceptionally high, 
horizontal muntins being omitted; 


2. All the sash are pivoted except 
those having curved heads; 


3. The mullions and imposts are of 
unusual width, giving a massive appear- 
ance in harmony with the architecture 
of the building; 


Vertical and horizontal sections of Lupton Steel Sash, Power House Type. 
Vertical section shows the stationary sash below the (curved) head, the form of the 
main impost located at the spring of the arch, and the form of the pivoted sash 
above and below the intermediate imposts. 


28 


4, All the sash in each wall are usually operated simultaneously, 
thus producing a uniform appearance which adds greatly to the dignity 
of the building. 

The frame, imposts and mullions are of 12-gauge steel plate. The 
frame is divided horizontally into sections at the imposts for convenience 
in handling and erecting, but the units are completely assembled before 
being knocked down for shipment, to insure accuracy. 

All the sash members are heavy one-piece rolled steel sections and are 
solidly oxy-acetylene welded at the joints. All except the stationary sash 
have double weathering on both sides. 

Glazing angles to hold the putty are recommended, and are furnished 
when specified. 

The ventilators are operated by Pond Operating Device with hand 
chain. One man, pulling on one hand chain, can easily control all the 
ventilators in one wa ll of a large power house. For example, in the turbine 
room of the Lake Street Power House, Cleveland, a single hand chain 
operates all the ventilators in the six large openings on the lake front. 


Interior of turbine room, Lake Street Power House, Cleveland, Ohio. Lines of 
Pond Continuous Sash in the concealed roof monitor afford overhead ventilation with- 
out admitting weather. 


29 


ay IER AN OIN| IBY 1s Th Geee a Ne PO Were lak OVW S13, S) 


OTHER LUPTON PRODUCTS 


Lupton Counterbalanced Sash 


(Patented and Patents Pending) 


Lupton Counterbalanced Sash is a high-grade sliding sash, with 
heavy one-piece rolled steel members and oxy-acetylene welded joints. 
The top and bottom sash of each pair are hung over a single pair of 
pulleys, so that they move in opposite directions, making top and 
bottom openings always 
equal. The design is such 
that effective weather pro- 
tection is secured at head, 
meeting rails, and sill, with- 
out weather stripping. 

Lupton Counterbalanced 
Sash is used in factories 
because its simultaneous 
top and bottom openings 
ensure ventilation when- 
ever the windows are 
opened. This feature per- 
mits a building to be wider 


than would otherwise be ond 
racticable. It is also us Lupton Counterbalanced Sash, 2-high. From 

P f : d : 2 I ed 12 to 18 feet height the sash is 3-high, the mid- 

EE ee eee > ame CE dle sash being stationary. Sizes are made to 

etc., where its wide opening fit the openings. 

and easy control are valu- 


able. 


Lupton Pivoted Factory Sash 
(Patented and Patents Pending) 


For smaller industrial build- 
ings, and others whose ventilat- 
ing requirements are not 
exacting, we make a high 
grade pivoted venti- 
lator sash. The joints 
are riveted, not 
welded, and the sec- 
tions are much lighter 
than those of Lupton 
Counterbalanced 
Sash. It is operated 
singly or in pairs by 
peg and stay,and may 
Lupton Pivoted Factory Sash in factory of The Hump __ be operated in rows or 
Hair Pin Mfg. Co., Chicago, Ill. Mr. A. S. Alschuler, groups by Pond Oper- 
Architect. Upper and lower ventilators in each opening ating Device of suit- 


are connected by brackets and arms so that they open 
and close together. able type. 


30 


- 


ot 


Pav) ue TON 6) SONS COMPA N ¥ 


ORIGINAL SASH DESIGNS 


We were the originators of every type of modern rolled steel indus- 
trial sash, with the exception of the pivoted ventilator type, which was 
first made in England and Germany. Until we introduced the use of 
rolled steel sections, all counterbalanced and counterweighted windows 
were made of sheet metal or wood, with wide mullions and muntins; and 
continuous sash was not used at all. All the other types named below 
were first introduced by us, together with certain others used in hospitals, 
schools and libraries. Some of the features which we introduced have 
been imitated elsewhere; others can only be secured in Lupton Products. 


Power House Steel Sash 
We were the first to develop pivoted steel sash into a distinct architectural 
type for power house use, having the features of design and simultaneous oper- 
ation described on pages 28 and 29. 


Continuous Steel Sash 

The idea of a continuous weather-proof lighting and ventilating opening was 

first commercially embodied in Pond Continuous Sash. We werc also the 

first to apply top-hung continuous sash, operated in groups, to power house 

side walls. Both top-hung and center pivoted types originated with us. 

Top-hung Pond Continuous Sash first embodied the following features : 
Underlapping storm panels at ends ; weather-proof expansion joint to 
connect sections; oxy-acetylene welded joints. 

We do not recommend the center pivoted type, owing to its inferior ventilation, 

its lack of weather protection and the higher cost of supporting steel work. 


Pond Operating Device 
The general design of the Pond Operating Device is patented. It is the only 
effective operating device for long lines of top-hung sash, and it is the first 
embodying the following features : 
Tension transmission, eliminating friction ; T-shaped levers hinged to 
the building structure, the horizontal transmission rods, and the sash 
rods, in such a manner as to increase the leverage as the load of sash 
increases ; bronze bearings and immersed gears; machine-cut gears ; 
spiral and counterweight to balance load of sash ; electric motor drive. 


Counterbalanced and Counterweighted Steel Sash 
Lupton Counterbalanced and Counterweighted Sash were the first steel sash 
made with solid rolled sections and oxy-acetylene welded joints. 
The tollowing detail features were first used by us : 
One-piece meeting rails ; continuous heads and sills (in openings up to 
25 ft. wide) to minimize corrosion ; double rise of sill, with bottom rail 
to match; bronze weathering in mullions when ordered. 


Lupton Pivoted Sash 
The following details are original with us : 
Solid one-piece muntins with flush joints ; straight-line double weather- 
ing on ventilators; adjustable bracket arms and connecting bars at 
both sides of upper and lower ventilators, ensuring tight closing of 
upper ventilators ; double-weathered ventilator pivot. 


Pond Truss and Pond A-Frame 
These designs are original with us. They cover the most practical methods 
yet invented of combining natural lighting with weather-proof openings for 
natural change of air. The Pond Truss design is patented : we license its use in 
consideration of the exclusive use of Lupton Products in buildings so designed. 


31 


